Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Ontology of the apelinergic system in mouse pancreas during pregnancy and relationship with β-cell mass

doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94725-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Proliferation of INS1E cells measured by MTT assay in the presence or absence of Apelin (10 nM) or Apela (4 nM) with or without the addition of the Aplnr inhibitor ML221 (10 µM). Values represent mean ± SEM (n = 4–6). *p < 0.05 vs. control, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. Apelin or Apela alone. Cell proliferation of β-cells visualized by fluorescence immunohistochemistry for insulin (green) and Ki67 (red) in islets isolated from neonatal mice incubated without ( B ) or with Apelin (100 nM, C ). Bar represents 50 µm. The percentage of Ki67-positive β-cells was quantified ( D ) in control culture and in the presence of 100 nM or 1 μM apelin. Values represent mean ± SEM (n = 5–6 replicates per experiment). *p < 0.05 vs. control.

Article Snippet: Culture medium contained Apelin (10 nM) or Apela (4 nM) with or without the specific Aplnr antagonist, ML221 (10 µM; BioTechne, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: MTT Assay, Fluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Isolation, Incubation

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Apelin Effects Migration and Invasion Abilities of Colon Cancer Cells

doi: 10.3390/cells7080113

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of apelin on proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of colon cancer cells. ( A ) Proliferation rate of colon cancer cells after apelin peptides (100 nM) stimulation. Results are expressed as the mean (proliferation rate) ± SD of three independent experiments. p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.01 (**), p ≤ 0.001 (***); ( B ) Migration of colon cancer cells after apelin peptides (100 nM) or ML221 (100 nM) treatment. Results are expressed as the mean (relative percent of migration) ± SD of three independent experiments. p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.01 (**), p ≤ 0.001 (***); ( C ) Invasion of colon cancer cells after apelin peptides or ML221 treatment. Results are expressed as the mean (relative percent of invasion) ± SD of three independent experiments. p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.01 (**), p ≤ 0.001 (***).

Article Snippet: [Pyr1] apelin-13 (pQRPRLSHKGPMPF), apelin-13 (QRPRLSHKGPMPF), -17 (KFRRQRPRLSHKGPMPF) and -36 (LVQPRGSRNGPGPWQGGRRKFRRQRPRLSHKGPMPF) were from Bachem (Bubendorf, Switzerland), and ML221 was from Sigma.

Techniques: Migration

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Apelin Effects Migration and Invasion Abilities of Colon Cancer Cells

doi: 10.3390/cells7080113

Figure Lengend Snippet: Influence of apelin on blebs formation. ( A ) Representative localization of ezrin (green), filamentous actin (red) and nuclei (blue) in colon cancer cells after apelin peptides (100 nM) or ML221 (100 nM) stimulation. Arrowheads indicate migratory protrusions. Scale bars represent 10 μm; ( B ) Quantification of the number of cells forming blebs after apelin peptides or ML221 treatment, shown as a percent of control cells. Results are expressed as the mean (cells forming blebs) ± SD of three independent experiments. p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.01 (**), p ≤ 0.001 (***). Representative Western blot; ( C ) and densitometric ( D ) analysis for level of ezrin in tested cells incubated with apelin peptides or ML221. The GAPDH level was shown as a loading control. Results are expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.01 (**), p ≤ 0.001 (***).

Article Snippet: [Pyr1] apelin-13 (pQRPRLSHKGPMPF), apelin-13 (QRPRLSHKGPMPF), -17 (KFRRQRPRLSHKGPMPF) and -36 (LVQPRGSRNGPGPWQGGRRKFRRQRPRLSHKGPMPF) were from Bachem (Bubendorf, Switzerland), and ML221 was from Sigma.

Techniques: Western Blot, Incubation

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Apelin Effects Migration and Invasion Abilities of Colon Cancer Cells

doi: 10.3390/cells7080113

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of apelin on actin polymerisation and level of cofilin. ( A ) Ratio of F-actin to G-actin in colon cancer cells after apelin peptides (100 nM) or ML221 (100 nM) treatment. Results are expressed as the mean (F:G ratio) ± SD of three independent experiments. p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.01 (**), p ≤ 0.001 (***). Representative Western blot ( B ) and densitometric ( C ) analysis of levels of cofilin in tested cells incubated with apelin peptides or ML221. The GAPDH level is shown as a loading control. Results are expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.01 (**), p ≤ 0.001 (***).

Article Snippet: [Pyr1] apelin-13 (pQRPRLSHKGPMPF), apelin-13 (QRPRLSHKGPMPF), -17 (KFRRQRPRLSHKGPMPF) and -36 (LVQPRGSRNGPGPWQGGRRKFRRQRPRLSHKGPMPF) were from Bachem (Bubendorf, Switzerland), and ML221 was from Sigma.

Techniques: Western Blot, Incubation

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Apelin Effects Migration and Invasion Abilities of Colon Cancer Cells

doi: 10.3390/cells7080113

Figure Lengend Snippet: Influence of apelin on proteolytic activity of colon cancer cells. ( A ) The proteolytic activity of colon cancer cells (red) after apelin peptides (100 nM) or ML221 (100 nM) stimulation using FITC-conjugated gelatine (green). Scale bars represent 10 μm; ( B ) The number of cells digesting gelatine was expressed as a percent of digesting cells and results are shown as a percent of control. Results are expressed as the mean (percent of digesting cells) ± SD of three independent experiments. p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.01 (**), p ≤ 0.001 (***).

Article Snippet: [Pyr1] apelin-13 (pQRPRLSHKGPMPF), apelin-13 (QRPRLSHKGPMPF), -17 (KFRRQRPRLSHKGPMPF) and -36 (LVQPRGSRNGPGPWQGGRRKFRRQRPRLSHKGPMPF) were from Bachem (Bubendorf, Switzerland), and ML221 was from Sigma.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Apelin Effects Migration and Invasion Abilities of Colon Cancer Cells

doi: 10.3390/cells7080113

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of apelin on the level of MT1-MMP in colon cancer cells. ( A ) The localization of MT1-MMP (black) in tested cells treated with apelin peptides (100 nM) or ML221 (100 nM). Scale bars represent 10 μm; ( B ) Quantification of the number of MT1-MMP positive signals after apelin peptides or ML221 treatment showed as a percent of control cells. Results are expressed as the mean (number of MT1-MMP positive signals) ± SD of three independent experiments. p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.01 (**).

Article Snippet: [Pyr1] apelin-13 (pQRPRLSHKGPMPF), apelin-13 (QRPRLSHKGPMPF), -17 (KFRRQRPRLSHKGPMPF) and -36 (LVQPRGSRNGPGPWQGGRRKFRRQRPRLSHKGPMPF) were from Bachem (Bubendorf, Switzerland), and ML221 was from Sigma.

Techniques:

Journal: Theranostics

Article Title: Exercise ameliorates osteopenia in mice via intestinal microbial-mediated bile acid metabolism pathway

doi: 10.7150/thno.104186

Figure Lengend Snippet: FMT from exercised mice activated apelin signaling pathway. (A) PCA plot of samples from TranspCtrl and TranspExer groups (n = 3 per group). (B) Volcano plot of DEGs. (C) Enrichment analysis of upregulated DEGs in the TranspExer group. (D) Heatmap of expression levels of genes associated with the apelin signaling pathway. (E) Relative mRNA expression levels of Apln , Aplnr , Adcy4 , and Adcy5 . (F) Serum apelin concentration. (G) Representative apelin-stained IHC sections. (H) Relative mRNA expression levels of Pparg , Cebpa , Fabp4 , and Lpl . (I) Representative H&E sections depicting adipose tissue. (J-K) Quantitative analysis of J) number of adipocytes and K) adipocytes area. (L) Representative µCT images of tibias in TranspCtrl and TranspExer mice treated with AAV-Ctrl or AAV-Apln. (M-N) Trabecular bone microarchitecture showing BMD and Tb. N. Graphs show mean ± SEM (n = 6 per group), with statistical significance determined by two-tailed student t test in E-F, H, and J-K, and one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test in M-N. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The apelin signaling pathway was suppressed using the apelin receptor antagonist ML221 (TargetMol, USA), wherein mice were administered ML221 (150 μg/kg) via tail vein injections three times a week for 8 weeks .

Techniques: Expressing, Concentration Assay, Staining, Two Tailed Test